The cultivation of winter and spring asparagus by using greenhouses, inner sheds, small arch sheds and multi-layer mulching methods can significantly improve the cold insulation performance of the sheds and realize the production of asparagus in winter and spring.
The covered steel frame has a span of 8 meters and the length can be determined according to the land, generally about 50 meters, shoulder height 1.8 meters, ridge height 4 meters, skirt height 0.4 meters, arch spacing 0.8 meters, every 3 meters The film line is fixed. The inner shed spans 7 meters, the sides are 0.5 meters away from the greenhouse, the inner shed shed is shortened by 2 meters, the shed tail is shortened by 1 meter, the shoulder height is 1.5 meters, the ridge height is 3.5 meters, the arch spacing is 2 meters, and no film line is provided. And skirt. Four small arch sheds were built in the inner shed. The material was a solid fiberglass rod with a thickness of 0.6 cm. The height of the shed was 0.8 m. The span was the same as the raft surface. The arch spacing was 0.5 m and the shed spacing was 0.5 m. The greenhouse, the inner shed and the small arch shed film are all made of plastic without drip film. The small arch shed is covered with non-woven fabric, and the shed is covered with white mulch.
Cultivation points (1) Variety selection. The market price of winter and spring asparagus in greenhouses before March is 3 times higher than that in the later period. It is obvious that the early maturity of the varieties is essential. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of strong disease resistance, strong stems and stems, high yield and high quality. Early birth. Before the film is covered, the field leaves and weeds are removed, the soil is ploughed, the base fertilizer is applied, and the water is properly combined with water to improve the fertilizer utilization rate. (2) Temperature and humidity control. According to the weather changes, the small arch shed film and non-woven fabric will be uncovered in time. The shed temperature is controlled at 20-30 °C during the day and 15 °C at night. The weather is cold or the rain and snow weather is delayed in the morning and the film is covered early in the afternoon. When the shed temperature exceeds 20 °C, the small arch shed film and non-woven fabric are uncovered to carry out field management such as bamboo shoots and bamboo shoots. When the temperature of the shed exceeds 30 °C, the shed film of the leeward side of the greenhouse is properly ventilated and ventilated, and the insulation is covered around 4 pm. The multi-layer cover has a high moisturizing capacity and should be properly ventilated at noon to reduce the humidity of the small arch shed and soil to prevent disease. (3) Water and fertilizer management. According to the soil drip irrigation under the film, it is not possible to furrow and reduce the air humidity in the greenhouse as much as possible. Apply germination fertilizer before multi-layer coverage, generally from late December to early January, apply 1000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre, 300 kg of ternary compound fertilizer, 15-20 kg of superphosphate, and appropriate amount of micro-fertilizer. From late February to early March, the temperature rose, the growth of asparagus buds and the growth of tender stems increased, a large number of new roots formed, and sufficient nutrients were needed. 1000 kg of organic fertilizer and 20 kg of urea per mu of ditch were applied. (4) Control pests and diseases. The disease is mainly stem blight and root rot. It is better to use roots or sprays of azoxystrobin, iprodione, carbendazim, etc., and 40% biguanide trioctylbenzene sulfonate can also be used for stem blight. The acid salt wettable powder and the white latex adhesive are used to coat the stem. The pests mainly include noctuids, aphids, thrips, etc., which occur in the period from March to May. The focus is on poisonous baits, yellow plates, insecticidal lamps, etc., combined with trichlorfon, beta-cypermethrin, phoxim and other sprays. . (5) Management of bamboo shoots. In the greenhouse, the winter and spring asparagus can be covered in multiple layers, and the early-maturing varieties can produce bamboo shoots within 1 week. It should be observed and puncture the mulch film in time to allow the tender shoots to grow smoothly and prevent the bamboo shoots from bending. (6) Leave the mother stem in spring. Retaining spring mother stems is an important measure for the cultivation of asparagus in greenhouses. From late March to early April, each plant has 3 to 4 strong and stable stems with uniform distribution, no pests and diseases, and stems about 1 cm thick. The number of stems is appropriately increased according to the growth period and cultivation density of asparagus. After the bamboo shoots are finished, the fertilizer is applied to grow the plants.
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