Water source heat pump technology is through the use of shallow surface water absorption of solar and geothermal energy formed by the low heat energy resources, supplemented by a small amount of electricity in winter, from relatively high temperature water source to extract heat from the heat pump unit through the air or water as a carrier for the Building heating; summer uses the relative low temperature of the water to remove heat from the building. Air-cooled heat pumps use air and electricity to do all this. According to various considerations and local hydrogeological conditions and the future economic, environmental protection and energy saving measures, we try to adopt water source heat pump system to design this area and obtain better results. The results are summarized as follows , There are deficiencies, willing to please correct me. 1 Project Overview Jinyuan coal mine administrative office area and police, prisoners living area covers an area of ​​30000 m2, mining area sub-office building, dormitory, hospital building and teaching building four. 2 Economic Analysis Design by the School of Architecture and Design initially designed four programs, due to various considerations, rejected two of them, requiring the remaining water source heat pump central air conditioning and air-cooled heat pump central air conditioning two options for analysis and selection. The initial investment and operating costs of the two programs conducted a preliminary economic analysis. Initial investment costs are shown in Table 3, operating costs more in Table 4. 3 design options Air conditioning design standards 3.1 Design parameters (see Table 1 Table 2) Air conditioning interior design parameters Dry bulb temperature / ℃ Relative humidity /% Fresh air volume / m3 Person h Noise / dB (A sound level) Summer 24 ~ 28 50 ~ 70 20 ≯60 Winter 18 ~ 20/20 ≯60 Air conditioning Outdoor design parameters Dry bulb temperature / ℃ Wet bulb temperature / ℃ Relative humidity /% Atmospheric pressure kPa Summer 33.5 27.7 83 100.45 Winter 5/70 101.95 3.2 Load calculation Cold load: The load of the air conditioning site in the mining area includes the heat transfer of the enveloping structure, the cooling of the equipment, the cooling of the human body and the cooling of the lighting. The heat transfer of the envelope is calculated according to the calculation method in "Practical Design Guide for Heating, Air-conditioning and Air-conditioning" and is calculated by combining a large number of calculations with other heat sources to obtain the air-conditioning cooling load index of 2676W / m2 and the heat load of 2072W / m2. From Table 3, we can see that the overall cost of air-cooled heat pump central air conditioning is higher than the water source heat pump central air conditioning, and air-cooled heat pump cooling heat coefficient with the outside world constantly changing temperature, resulting in unstable cooling system, resources Serious waste And water source heat pump units and air-cooled heat pump units, has the following advantages: a) water is deep well water, water temperature is more constant, more reliable unit operation, and ensure system efficiency and economy, and without special maintenance or operation, Operation and maintenance costs are minimal. b) outdoor unit without special defrosting equipment, equipment is simple. c) As the heat source temperature of water source heat pump is relatively stable throughout the year, it is generally 10-25 ° C. Its cooling and heating coefficient can reach 3.5-4.4, which is about 40% higher than that of the traditional air source heat pump. Its operation The cost of ordinary central air-conditioning 50 to 60%. d) It is a technology of renewable energy utilization. Water source heat pump is a heating and air conditioning system that uses the solar energy stored in the earth's water as a source of heat and energy for energy conversion. Among the available water bodies are groundwater or rivers, rivers and lakes that are part of the surface, and oceans. Surface soil and water bodies are not only huge solar collectors that collect 47% of the solar radiation energy, more than 500 times the amount of energy used annually by human beings (underground water bodies receive indirect solar radiation energy through the soil) and are A huge dynamic energy balance system, the soil and water on the surface naturally maintain the relative balance of energy acceptance and divergence. This makes it possible to utilize almost infinite solar energy or earth stored therein. So, a water source heat pump uses a technology that is clean and renewable. e) The available water temperature of the energy-efficient water source heat pump unit is 12-22 ℃ in winter and the temperature of the water body is higher than the ambient air temperature, so the evaporation temperature of the heat pump cycle is increased and the energy-efficiency ratio is also improved. The summer water body is 18-35 ℃, the temperature of the water body is lower than the ambient air temperature, so the condensing temperature of the cooling decreases, making the cooling effect better than the air-cooled and cooling towers, and the unit efficiency is improved. According to the EPA of the United States Environmental Protection Agency, the design and installation of a good water source heat pump can save 30-40% of the heating and cooling air-conditioners on average. f) stable and reliable operation The temperature of water body is relatively stable all year round, the range of its fluctuation is far less than the change of air. Is a very good heat pump heat source and air conditioning cold source, water temperature is more constant characteristics, making the heat pump operation more reliable and stable, but also to ensure the system's efficiency and economy. There is no air source heat pump in winter defrost and other difficult issues. g) Significant environmental benefits Electric water heaters use electricity, which itself is a clean source of energy but consumes primary energy and causes emissions of greenhouse gases such as pollutants and carbon dioxide when generating electricity. Therefore, the pollution of energy-saving equipment itself is small. The power consumption of well-designed water-source heat pump units is equivalent to a reduction of more than 30% compared to air-source heat pumps, which is equivalent to a reduction of more than 70% when compared to electric heating. Water source heat pump technology used by the refrigerant, can be R22 or R134A, R407C and R410A alternatives such as co-quality. Water source heat pump units operate without any pollution and can be built in residential areas without burning, without fumes or with waste, without the need to stack fuel waste and without the heat from long distances. h) A multi-purpose, wide range of applications Water source heat pump system can be heating, air conditioning, but also for domestic hot water, a multi-purpose machine, a system that can replace the original boiler plus air conditioning two sets of devices or systems. Especially for buildings with both heating and cooling requirements, water-source heat pumps have obvious advantages. Not only saves a lot of energy, but also with a set of equipment to meet both heating and cooling requirements, reducing the initial investment of equipment. Water source heat pump can be applied to hotels, shopping malls, office buildings, schools and other buildings, small water source heat pump is more suitable for residential heating, air conditioning. i) automatic operation of water source heat pump unit because of stable conditions, so you can design a simple system, fewer components, simple and reliable unit operation, low maintenance costs; a high degree of automatic control, long life of up to 15 years. Of course, like any thing, water source heat pump is not perfect, its application will be constrained. (1) Available Water Source Conditions The water source heat pump can theoretically make use of all water resources. In fact, the cost difference between different water resources utilization is quite large in practical projects. So in different regions whether there is a suitable water source heat pump applications become a key. The current water source heat pump use, the closed system is generally higher cost. The open system, can find the right water to become a source of heat pump restrictions. On the open system, water requirements must meet a certain temperature, water and cleanliness. (2) Restrictions on the Geographical Structure of the Aquifer For the use of underground pumping and recharge, the geologic structure of the site to be used must be taken into account to ensure that wells can be drilled under economic conditions to find suitable sources of water, taking into account the local geology and soil Conditions to ensure that after the tail water can be achieved. (3) The economic efficiency of investment Due to the different basic conditions of water resources caused by different regions, different users and the country's energy policies and fuel prices, the one-time investment and operating costs will vary from user to user. Although, on the whole, water-source heat pumps operate at a higher cost and with lower costs, However, compared with the traditional air-conditioning and cooling heating methods, the water-source heat pump investment economy will be different under different requirements of different regions. From Table 1, Table 2 shows that the overall cost of air-cooled heat pump central air conditioning is higher than the water source heat pump central air conditioning. After analysis and comparison, and full consultation with the constructor, the final decision to use water-source heat pump central air conditioning to solve the summer coal-source air conditioning and heating issues in Jinyuan. Table 3 Comparison of Initial Investment Costs (Data not relevant to this project) Water source heat pump Central air conditioning Air-cooled heat pump Central air-conditioning Serial number Item Initial investment Initial investment (yuan) 1 Water source heat pump unit (1 unit) 42000 Air-cooled heat pump unit Taiwan 89800 2 Fan coil (14) 13300 Fan coil (14 13300 3 vertical pipeline pump (1 1980 vertical pipeline pump (1) 1980 4 electronic water treatment instrument (1) 4500 electronic water treatment instrument (1) 4500 5 Square expansion tank (1) 1500 Square expansion tank (1) 1500 6 Pipe, valves and other security fee 37600 Pipeline, valves and other security fee 27340 7 Duct, tuyere and other security fee 24500 Wind Pipe, tuyere, etc. 24,500 8 Insulation material and installation costs 19700 Insulation material and installation costs 21300 9 Rotary sludge destroyer (1 4620 distribution system (1 set 7450 10 distribution system (1 set) 8700 Total Note: The initial investment of water source heat pump central air conditioning system did not account for civil drilling costs Table 4 Comparison of operating costs (data not related to this project) Water source heat pump Central air conditioning Air-cooled heat pump Central air conditioning No. Item Operating cost / yuan Project operating cost / yuan 1 Water source heat pump (12kW) 11880 Air-cooled heat pump (16.8kW) 16632 Total Note: 1) According to Table 1, the power consumption of the two systems in the device is compared. 2) All equipment is operated 180 days a year, running 18 hours a day, electricity 0.55 yuan / (kWh) calculation. 4 air-conditioning system design 4.1 because the design has not yet decided the decoration program, can not be informed of the decoration of the room, (After the decoration pattern by different indoor unit form, try to be beautiful and generous.) 4.2 cold and heat source equipment: chiller: water source heat pump unit three, cooling capacity / heating capacity = 63.6 / 69.8kW cold water system supporting pumps: Horizontal centrifugal pump five, flow 15t / h, head 20m. Cooling water submersible pump: eight, the project by Party A set according to actual needs. 4.3 System Type Chilled water with dual control fan Coiled closed system, indoor unit hanging below the indoor floor, water source heat pump units and horizontal centrifugal pumps for cold water circulation and other equipment located in the air-conditioned room Within the cooling water using groundwater as a water recycling .1-circulating water pump 2-electronic water treatment instrument 3- square expansion tank 4-cyclone desilter Figure 1 system flow chart 4.4 well water recharge This design uses pressurized recharge Way, pumping wells and recharge well spacing distribution, so that well water fully recharge, thus ensuring the wells will not be destroyed. In addition, during the well-forming process, a sealing water seal is used in the upper part of the well, the well room is filled with concrete and the depth of the well wall is 1 meter, which is different from the well room. On this basis, well water recharge increases the pressure and recharge again, Water 100% recharge. At the same time does not affect the building foundation, to ensure the safety of ground buildings. System flow chart shown in Figure 1. 4.5 well water guarantee measures The design of the water is used in deep well water, water temperature is constant. Water well structure aquifer is a bridge filter, the rock layer is a spiral pipe, spiral pipe to ensure the structure of the borehole wall is not affected. The most important point is the filter material between the aquifer and the filter tube. The polygon-shaped filter stones (hard bean paste can also be used) in this design can ensure the smooth circulation and recharge of the groundwater. 4.6 system control flow chart The system uses Tsinghua Tongfang host (SGH-1000) three, the host compressor load control based on the temperature difference using stepless adjustment (25%, 50%, 75%), reducing the general compressor from Power-down to shutdown are 100% of the work caused by unnecessary waste of resources. Cooling water using automatic frequency control, according to the pressure regulating the work of the pump frequency and quantity. Now the only drawback is the chilled water pump, cooling water pump, the host did not achieve linkage and remote control, that is, the host as the core drive the pump to maximize resource conservation, and ultimately will truly central air-conditioned room unattended purpose. 4.7 shock absorption, energy-saving measures In order to prevent equipment vibration noise, water inlet and outlet, water pump set rubber soft joints, pump foundation cushion. Set on the basis of concrete, and add shock pad. In order to save energy and reduce consumption, the winter of this system makes full use of the characteristic of low outdoor temperature in winter, and the natural cooling water is poured into deep well to realize "winter irrigation and summer" use. Centrifugal glass wool and forflex Insulation, reduce the consumption of hot and cold. 5 Operating results Since the system was put into use in winter 2004, overall winter and summer operation is good, there is no phenomenon of well water can not be fully recharged and a large area of ​​thermal imbalance, the builders and owners are more satisfied. 6 Conclusion Nowadays people's requirements for environmental protection are getting more and more stringent. At the same time, various kinds of energy resources are getting depleted as their use increases, forcing people to continuously adopt more advanced and energy-saving environmental air-conditioning equipment and more advanced and energy-saving operation plans. Water source heat pump system is the use of groundwater or underground soil perennial temperature remains constant characteristics of energy conversion heating and air conditioning system is environmentally friendly, energy saving, "zero" pollution, "zero" emissions of an air-conditioning equipment. It does not require cooling towers and other devices, the initial investment and operating costs are lower than the traditional warm and cold, and groundwater temperature stability, little affected by the outside world, the unit's cooling and heating functions to play better. With the increasing popularity of air conditioning, water source heat pump system will certainly be more attention and support from all walks of life, the application will be more extensive.
