During the hot summer season, vegetable farmers often encounter issues with phytotoxicity when applying pesticides. Agricultural experts have identified several key causes behind this problem and provided recommendations to mitigate its impact.
First, phytotoxicity can occur due to the drift of herbicides. After wheat harvests, corn fields are commonly treated with herbicides, but vegetables are highly sensitive to these chemicals. Some summer crops, such as cucumbers, may suffer from yellowing or drying leaves, especially those near greenhouses. To prevent this, it's essential to monitor herbicide applications and ensure that greenhouse vents are closed during spraying to avoid chemical drift.
Second, excessive use of growth regulators can also lead to phytotoxicity. High temperatures inside greenhouses during summer can cause plants to grow too quickly, affecting their ability to flower and set fruit. Farmers often use growth inhibitors like auxin, chlormequat, and paclobutrazol to control this. However, some overuse or repeat application of these substances can result in hormone poisoning, which harms both plant growth and fruit quality. It's crucial to follow instructions carefully and apply these products only when necessary.
Third, improper disease management can contribute to phytotoxicity. In the summer, high humidity from frequent watering creates an ideal environment for diseases to thrive, especially after prolonged rainy periods. Some farmers spray pesticides under intense sunlight or at incorrect concentrations, leading to leaf burn and other damage. Proper timing, correct dosage, and appropriate product selection are vital to avoid such issues.
Lastly, if phytotoxicity is detected, prompt action is needed. Immediate steps include rinsing the affected leaves, using antidote sprays such as gibberellin or brassinolide to counteract the effects of excess paclobutrazol, and applying cytokinin to reduce the impact of auxin or chlormequat. For herbicide damage, solutions like Huimanfeng active liquid fertilizer, diluted 800 times, or a 0.05% solution of 920 can help detoxify the plants. Adding urea or other fast-acting nitrogen fertilizers can also promote recovery. Additionally, spraying 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate two to three times can support rapid regrowth of the crops.
By understanding these causes and taking proactive measures, farmers can significantly reduce the risk of phytotoxicity and maintain healthy, productive vegetable crops throughout the summer season.
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