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Mobile devices have encountered bottlenecks in their battery life in recent years. Various manufacturers have to solve this problem by increasing the battery capacity. However, this solution also has a problem. Note 7's catastrophic accident has given the whole industry a cold water. However, the researchers who sought change did not give up, and someone recently developed a new solution, the condensation method. It can improve the battery life while ensuring the safety of lithium batteries, and it can be bent to accommodate future mobile phones.
This solution uses ice-templating to vertically align the structure of the solid electrolyte inside the battery, enhancing the electrical conductivity. The birth of this new type of battery also paved the way for the concept of flexible smart machines (such as Samsung Galaxy X) and flat panels.
At the moment, the liquid electrolyte used in the rechargeable lithium battery on the market is highly flammable and can easily cause safety problems. The culprit of last year's Note 7 catastrophic accident was it. Therefore, the School of Engineering and Applied Science at Columbia University decided to try a solid electrolyte to replace the flammable liquid electrolyte.
Traditional liquid electrolyte is highly flammable
They use ice templates to give ceramic solid electrolytes a vertically aligned columnar structure, while batteries using ceramic solid electrolytes are significantly safer and more conductive.
Lei Fengwang noted that the manufacturing method of this kind of battery is also very novel. The researchers first added ceramic particles on the bottom and cooled the aqueous solution. Then the ice layer was allowed to grow, and some of the frozen aqueous solution was squeezed out. The ceramic particles were in the battery. Become mainstream. Finally, a vacuum environment is created to allow the ice to sublimate into a vapor state. This completes the construction of the vertical alignment structure.
Once the vertical alignment structure is established, it needs to be combined with a polymer, which is a macromolecule composed of many repeating subunits, which provides mechanical support for the electrolyte and makes it more flexible.
Vertical alignment structure
“Whether for mobile devices or electric vehicles, flexible solid-state lithium batteries can solve safety problems once and for all, and at the same time they can increase the energy density of batteries.†Dr. Yang Yang said that he is Assistant Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at Columbia University. It is also the leader of the team.
In previous experiments, researchers used a variant of this solution. They used randomly dispersed ceramic particles in polymer electrolytes, and also tried fiber-like ceramic electrolytes, but these solutions could not achieve vertical alignment.
“At that time, we thought that combining the vertical alignment of the ceramic electrolyte with the polymer electrolyte would allow lithium ions to move up the fast lane and enhance the conductivity of the battery,†said Haowei Zhai, who is the author of the research report and Dr. Yuan Yang. s student.
“We believe that this is the first time in the industry to use an ice template to make a flexible solid electrolyte. The new electrolyte is not only safe and reliable, but also non-toxic and harmless. The new solution optimizes the lithium-ion conductivity and opens up a new generation of rechargeable batteries. Window, said Haowei Zhai.
After the solid electrolysis is changed, the graphite layer used in the negative electrode of the lithium battery can be replaced with lithium metal, which can increase the battery energy by 60%-70%.
Next, the team is ready to optimize the quality of the electrolyte bond and try out the new battery.
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