Abstract Recently, US Secretary of Commerce Wilbur Ross expressed his concern about the industrial security of the US semiconductor industry in an interview with Reuters. Because of its wide range of defense security applications, it can be used in military hardware and many national economic related equipment. ...
Recently, US Secretary of Commerce Wilbur Ross expressed his concern about the industrial security of the US semiconductor industry in an interview with Reuters. Because of its wide range of defense security applications, it can be used in military hardware and many national economic related equipment. It is not only the United States that pays attention to industrial security. Industrial safety is always the foundation and important connotation of national economic security. It is the basic starting point for the state to formulate and implement industrial policies for sustainable development.
The equipment manufacturing industry can best represent a country's hard power such as science and technology and military security. Its development level determines the modernization process of each country. At present, China's equipment manufacturing industry has entered a period of medium-speed growth, and the supply-side structural reform policy effect has initially appeared, which has promoted the transformation of the equipment manufacturing industry to the middle and high-end and the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries. However, the problems in the industrial security of the equipment manufacturing industry are also emerging. If it cannot be paid attention to, it may create new industrial safety problems.
Many hidden dangers
With the gradual application and promotion of new technologies in the field of equipment and the reversal of advanced manufacturing in developed countries, China's equipment manufacturing industry is facing new hidden dangers.
At present, China's high-end equipment supply capacity is insufficient, and core components rely on imports. The core components of China's equipment manufacturing industry, such as robotic high-precision reducers, high-performance servo motors and drives, high-performance controllers, sensors and end-effectors, five key components, high-beam lasers and beam shaping for additive manufacturing System, servo motor high-precision encoder, high-efficiency tools used in CNC machine tools are all dependent on imports. The reason is that China's industrial "four basics" is weak, lacking key components of industrial robots, high-pressure piston motors for engineering machinery, new power electronics, MEMS and other advanced design and manufacturing technologies.
Germany's Industry 4.0, the US Industrial Internet, and the Japanese Industrial Value Chain have all introduced three-dimensional reference architectures, and have begun to actively apply for top-level standards to the International Organization for Standardization. If China's smart manufacturing industry does not accelerate the construction of standards, it will continue to lack standard international voice. In emerging technologies, such as additive manufacturing, due to insufficient cooperation among participating companies, unified standards have not yet been implemented. In addition, there is still a big gap between product accuracy, reliability and production efficiency compared with imported products: the one-way repeat positioning accuracy of lathes, milling machines and grinding machines in China is basically 2.5μm; for the international high-end 1.6μm or even 1.0μm, In the research and development stage; in terms of quality, the domestic CNC system MTBF (mean time between failures) is 10,000 hours, and the international level has reached 80,000 hours.
The core technology of China's equipment manufacturing enterprises is lacking, and the number of patents is small. According to the data of the European Patent Office, there are only 89 items in the field of general equipment, far lower than Japan's 890, Germany's 1,278 and the United States' 2,229; in terms of electrical equipment and energy supply, instrumentation and transportation equipment, Japan, Germany and the United States The number of patents is more than one thousand, but there are only a hundred in China, and the gap is large. In addition, as the number of patent applications has become an important indicator of performance evaluation, while the number of patents has increased, the quality has been declining, and most of them are utility model patents.
China's equipment manufacturing industry with high-quality compound talents is seriously inadequate. From the perspective of management and management, there is a lack of foresight leaders and high-level R&D, market development, financial management and other special talents; from the perspective of the workforce, there are many junior technicians, few senior technicians, and many traditional technicians. There are fewer modern technicians, more single-skilled technicians, and fewer compound technicians, which affects the improvement of industrial technology.
In addition, multinational corporations rely on their strong R&D capabilities to increase investment in talents in Chinese universities. This talent penetration strategy is not conducive to the development of the successor talents of Chinese enterprises and affects the industrial safety of equipment manufacturing.
At the same time, China's manufacturing industry has a low level of integration, and there is a short-board in smart manufacturing. Informatization development among regions, industries and enterprises in China is not balanced. Some enterprises have already carried out intelligent exploration, but a large number of factories are still in the industrial 2.0 stage. Intelligent software and hardware lacks independent research and development technology. High-end sensors, operating systems, and key components are mainly dependent on imports. They are lagging behind the global level in the transformation of big data and digital and process integration, which hinders the development of smart manufacturing to a certain extent.
China's high-end CNC system research and development and production is still in a relatively backward situation, such as precision, China's CNC system can achieve micro-scale precision interpolation, while FANUC, Mitsubishi, Siemens CNC system is nano-scale interpolation or nano Level operation precision. The mainstream industrial software for global product lifecycle management was developed by Siemens, PTC, and Dassault, France. China lacks independent intellectual property rights and is at a disadvantage.
Lack of security awareness and inadequate protection of industrial big data. At present, in the context of China's vigorous development of intelligent manufacturing and high emphasis on industrial network information security, the data security issues of sensors, lasers and their bearers have not received corresponding attention. In the United States and the European Union's dual-use item control list, "sensors and lasers" are listed separately. For example, there are 57 items in the United States and 33 types in the European Union, while China only follows the requirements of nuclear suppliers. Controls are implemented for items such as photomultiplier tubes, scanning cameras and imaging equipment and techniques, and speed interferometers.
Developed countries have increased their control over China and affected the security of China's national defense industry. After the export control reform, the overall US control measures were relaxed, but the discriminatory practices against China and the control of China have never been relaxed, and there is a tendency to tighten, such as deregulated satellites and related products still cannot be exported or re Export to China or launch in China. The United States also monitors the end-uses of end-users and item exports of multinational companies in China, monitors exports, re-exports, and domestic transfers of their Chinese branches, and accepts “site surveys†by US personnel.
Related recommendations
In view of the large number of equipment manufacturing technologies and technologies involved in the European and American control lists, it is particularly urgent to urge relevant departments in Europe and the United States to deregulate in the context of China's vigorous development of equipment manufacturing. Urging foreign deregulation can allow China's industries to accelerate access to and master foreign advanced and cutting-edge technologies, and promote the rapid development of China's industry. At the same time, foreign companies and civil organizations are used to put pressure on the government to speed up the export of commercial technology to China.
Strengthen key core technology research, focus on breaking the bottleneck of national defense and social and economic security, and take the iconic core basic components (components), key basic materials and advanced basic processes as an upgrade breakthrough point: establish a functional component development alliance, and overcome key zeros. Component technology and industrialization, breaking through the basic bottlenecks in the development of key areas; promoting the development of hydraulic components, bearings and other functional components in the form of national funds, forming upstream and downstream of the industrial chain in the cross-industry technical fields such as numerical control units and sensors A new model of integrated organization that integrates symbiosis, division of labor, and benefit sharing.
Establish a multi-level human resource development system that meets the needs of intelligent manufacturing. Vigorously develop vocational education, continuing education, vocational skills training, etc., cultivate and cultivate applied engineering talents with high literacy, retain, restore and develop the characteristic engineering majors that match the industrial "four basics", and build industrial software and its platform. Rise to national strategy. Encourage key enterprises, private enterprises and qualified institutions of higher learning to carry out collaborative education, cultivate application-oriented talents with "artisan spirit", and consolidate the talent base of intelligent manufacturing.
In the digital transformation of traditional equipment, the importance of sensors for data monitoring and transmission is fully recognized, and domestic innovative products are supported through government first purchase, ordering and purchase services. Establish the "three-country" concept of "domestic intelligent equipment", "domestic numerical control system" and "domestic industrial software". For enterprises involved in national security, domestic industrial software and services must be purchased first.
Promote independent research and development and industrialization of key equipment and core software for intelligent manufacturing, and improve the control of the core links of the value chain. Increase support for intelligent manufacturing software and hardware basic research, break through the key core technologies that restrict the development of intelligent manufacturing; promote cooperation between government, production, learning, research, and cooperation, and set up industrial innovation alliances to accelerate the formulation of China's intelligent manufacturing standards. Industrial software, especially the development and promotion of intelligent manufacturing operating systems; research and development of key technical equipment such as industrial robots, additive manufacturing equipment, intelligent sensing and control equipment with independent intellectual property rights, and comprehensively improve the industrialization level of intelligent manufacturing.
We will increase financial support for structural reforms on the supply side and steady growth, restructuring, and efficiency of the equipment manufacturing industry. Specific financial policies include guiding financial institutions to increase through differential reserves, interest rates, refinancing, and rediscounting. Support for equipment manufacturing companies.
Although China's equipment companies have created some brand products in the fields of automobile manufacturing, power generation equipment and general machinery, they still lack strong visibility and influence in the international market. In the process of “going outâ€, enterprises must establish a responsible and respected corporate image, and continue to accept and integrate local folklore and culture. At the same time, domestic superior enterprises should integrate intellectual property and financial resources to reduce internal friction and vicious competition. Form a synergy. (The author is an assistant researcher at the Institute of Machinery Industry Information)
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