Grape bagging has become an important technology for the production of high-quality green high-grade fruit. It can obviously improve the appearance quality of grapes, reduce pesticide pollution, prevent disease and insects, reduce daily burning, prevent bird damage, and improve fruit quality and safety. It also has a certain regulation effect on the maturity and color of the fruit. There are many benefits to grape bagging, but this is a lot of attention!
Pay attention to one: the choice of fruit bags
Use high quality grape special fruit bags
It is necessary to use high-quality fruit bags produced by regular manufacturers with good air permeability, and do not use inferior and low-grade fruit bags.
Inferior fruit bags have poor paper quality and poor wind resistance. After sun and rain, they are easily damaged and seep, which becomes the cause of physiological cracking in the bag. Infected with rainwater on the ear, it is easy to produce rotten fruit; burnt skin will also appear in inferior fruit bags.
Carefully check the quality of the fruit bag
Put the grape bag into the water, soak it, rub it back and forth with your hands, and look at the bag for damage and softening. If it is damaged or soft, the bag quality is poor.
In addition, the transparency of the paper can be seen evenly against the sunlight. If the light transmission is uneven, the quality of the bag is not good.
Choose fruit bags according to grape varieties
Different varieties have different requirements for light transmittance of fruit bags, so there is also a difference in the selection of fruit bags.
â— Most of the giant peak strains have sufficient scattered light in the grape bag, which has no obvious effect on the coloration of the ear. The light transmittance of the fruit bag is not high, so the general wood pulp paper fruit bag can be used.
â— When the grapes of the Eurasian strain are colored, a large amount of direct light is required, and a fruit bag with good light transmittance should be used.
â— Beauty refers to thin skin, difficult to color varieties, should use a fruit bag that can prevent sunburn and easy to color.
In addition to considering the need for light transmission, fruit bags should also be selected according to the color of the grapes.
â— Green varieties, usually green bags.
â— Red, purple, and black varieties are best served in light or white fruit bags.
There are also differences in the choice of fruit bags for different cultivation methods.
â— Planting in the greenhouse and sheltering from rain, the light intensity will be weakened, which will affect the coloration of the fruit, but the sunburn phenomenon is lighter, and the fruit bag with good light transmittance should be used.
â— The intensity of light absorbed by the different parts of the rack and the ear is different. Therefore, the fruit bag should be selected according to its position. For example, the shelf should use a light-transparent fruit bag.
In addition, the fruit bags are also divided into ordinary bags that are not coated and special bags for pest control and disease prevention coated with various chemicals. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages and can be chosen according to the actual situation.
Pay attention to two: preparation before bagging
Water and fertilizer management during fruit expansion
There are two stages in the grape fruit expansion. The first time the fruit is the flower, the size of the soybean is the size of the soybean. At this time, it is mainly the cell division of the pericarp and the accumulation period of various compounds inside the fruit. After the second expansion of the fruit is a hard core, the fruit begins to soften, which is also the fastest growing period of fresh weight of the berries, and also the period in which the acidity of the fruit decreases and the sugar content increases.
In this period, it is necessary to strengthen the supply of nutrients and promote the expansion of fruit, especially phosphorus, potassium, calcium, zinc and magnesium.
â— It can be applied to the sea spirit bio-stimulant root application type 300 times liquid + balanced type compound fertilizer 30~50 kg/mu.
â— When the first fruit is expanded, the leaf surface is sprayed with calcium and phosphate fertilizer to promote cell division. When the second fruit is expanded, the phosphorus and potassium source pool can be sprayed 800 times to remove sweetness and promote dry matter. form.
The grape young fruit period is the rapid expansion period of the fruit, and it is also the long-term new shoot. If the water is lacking, it will inhibit the development of young fruit. At the beginning of the coloring of the hard core of the grape, it is also the second expansion period of the fruit. It is necessary to pay attention to watering to promote the expansion of the berry, and then control the irrigation to ensure the accumulation of sugar.
In summer, there is sufficient rain and rainy season. Pay attention to the drainage of orchards and prevent roots. If the weather is dry, pay attention to a small number of multiple irrigations to prevent cracking and affect fruit expansion.
Whole ear granule
Before the bagging, the small particles and the close-separated fruit pieces are removed, and the amount of fruit retained is determined according to different varieties, and the principle of “small-grain fruit varieties are less left, and small-grain fruit varieties are more retained†is adhered to.
If the ear is too tight, the fruit is too dense, not only the fruit shape is poor, but also easy to cause the drug to be impenetrable, ventilation and ventilation is too poor, and later there are cracks, gray mold, acid rot and so on.
â–¶ Specific methods can be referred to: grape standardization flower management technology
Chemical control before bagging
After Xie Huaxun, it is usually used 3 to 4 times before bagging to ensure that the grapes are protected from pests and diseases. However, in the actual cultivation process, the grapes tend to become soft after bagging, or enter the coloring period, and the fruit in the bag is rotted, mainly because of two aspects.
Use of pharmacy: The number of times of spraying the medicine before bagging is not enough, or the medication is not accurate enough.
Bagging method: the weather is not suitable, the bagging time is not suitable, and the bagging technology is inaccurate.
The method of bagging will be explained below, and it will not be listed here. The platform for the use of the drug after the Xiehua was pushed a while ago. Let's focus on the drug before the bagging.
The purpose of this bag before the bag is to remove the germs on the ears, so that the grapes are in a sterile environment after bagging, reducing the incidence of late disease.
Pharmacy selection: anti-grey mold medicine (pyridinamide, procymidone, imazalil) + anti-anthrax, white rot (difenoconazole, tebuconazole, prochloraz) + anti-fondril ( Pyrazole·Dyson zinc, mancozeb, propidium zinc)+protective agent (pyrazole, azoxystrobin)
Note: 1 Try to choose water, water emulsion, suspending agent, and avoid using emulsifiable drugs. 2 After spraying the medicine, shake the wire and let the drops of the medicine on the fruit pieces fall to prevent the formation of drug spots. 3 After the drug is used, dry it and immediately bag it. Do not stay overnight. Otherwise, re-spray and then bag.
Pay attention to three: how to bag
Choose the right time
The appropriate bagging time should be determined according to the cultivation method. The general principle is “it should be sooner rather than laterâ€. After the fruit is placed, after the whole ear and the fruit is thinned, the fruit pieces grow to the size of the bean, that is, after 15 to 20 days after the flowering, the bag can be bagged.
â— The bagging time is late, and it is susceptible to infection by pathogens such as anthracnose and gray mold.
â— In greenhouse cultivation and rain-proof cultivation, the time can be appropriately delayed compared with open-air cultivation.
â— Beauty refers to, Wei Ke and other varieties that are prone to sunburn and suffocation. It is not suitable for bagging in the early stage. When bagging quickly, it will be very serious.
â— Before bagging, you should also pour the water into the orchard once. After the ground is dry, you can start bagging, which can significantly reduce or even avoid high temperature heat damage after bagging.
The correct way to bag
Before bagging, the hands must be cleaned, preferably with alcohol. Try not to grasp the ears when you bag. The size of the bag should match the size of the ear.
When bagging, the fruit bag should be opened, and the ear should be completely put into the bag from top to bottom. Then, the bag mouth is folded from the two sides to the middle fruit axis, the bag mouth is close to the branch, and finally the bag is wrapped with the wire of the bag. The mouth is tied on the cob, and the mouth of the bag should be tied tightly and tightly. Do not appear flowering or exposing, otherwise it will enter the rain and produce infection.
Precautions:
â— When the fruit surface is dry, the morning dew will dry until 11 o'clock, after 14 o'clock in the afternoon, and the temperature is high at 11~14 o'clock.
â— Avoid high-temperature days and rainy days after rain, and suddenly bagging on sunny days, otherwise it will increase sunburn.
â— After the rain, it takes 2~3 days to make the fruit adapt to the high temperature environment and spray the pesticide before bagging.
â— After the bag is completed, it should be checked frequently, and it is found that the bag is broken and the bag is raised (the bottom of the bag is not ventilated). It is necessary to replace and replenish the bag in time.
â— If it falls off and the mouth of the bag is loosened, it should be re-tied in time. At the same time, it is necessary to check whether there is any infection of the bacteria in the bag from time to time and strengthen prevention and treatment. [Source: Agricultural Assistant (ID: nyzs360)]
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