Aluminum-silicon refractories are a type of refractory material primarily composed of Al₂O₃ and SiO₂. These materials can be classified in various ways depending on their mineral composition, chemical makeup, and the production process used. When made from natural raw materials, they are typically categorized based on the percentage of Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ present in the final product. The three main classifications are:
- **Semi-silica products**: Contain 15–30% Al₂O₃.
- **Clay products**: Contain 30–46% Al₂O₃ (in China, this range is generally 30–48%).
- **High-alumina products**: Contain more than 46% Al₂O₃ (in China, typically over 48%).
Semi-silica products are usually made from materials like semi-silica clay, raw kaolin, or wax stone, which results in a lower Al₂O₃ content—no more than 30%. Clay products are mainly produced using fireclay as the primary raw material, with some portion of the clay being matured and fired into pellets to enhance structural integrity. High-alumina products are manufactured from raw materials containing over 46% Al₂O₃. In China, those made from natural bauxite are further divided into three categories: Class I (Al₂O₃ ≥ 75%), Class II (Al₂O₃ 60–75%), and Class III (Al₂O₃ 48–60%). A detailed breakdown of their chemical compositions is provided in Table 3-1.
In addition to classification by Al₂O₃ content, these products can also be named based on their main raw materials. For example, bricks made primarily from wax stone are called "wax stone bricks," while those made from sillimanite or andalusite are referred to as "sillimanite bricks" and "andalusite bricks," respectively. When artificial materials such as sintered corundum, fused corundum, or synthetic mullite are used as the main components, the products are often named according to their dominant crystalline phase. Examples include "mullite bricks" and "corundum-mullite bricks." This naming convention helps identify the key properties and performance characteristics of each type of refractory.
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