According to the report of the Physicist Organization Network on June 6 (Beijing time), scientists from the US Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have designed a new all-solid-state lithium-sulfur battery with an energy density of approximately Lithium-ion batteries, which are widely used in electronic devices, are four times more cost-effective. The relevant research was published this week in the world's top chemical journal, "German Applied Chemistry International."
The leader of the research, Liang Cheng-shuo, said: “The electrolyte used in the new battery is also a solid. This design idea completely overturns the inherent battery of two electrodes plus a stack of electrolytes that lasted from 150 years to 200 years. The concept also solves the flammable problems that other chemists have been worrying about."
For decades, scientists have been very optimistic about lithium-sulfur batteries, which are more efficient and less expensive than lithium-ion batteries. However, its short life is its greatest weakness and has not been used commercially. In addition, the use of liquid electrolytes in batteries has also become an embarrassment for scientists. On the one hand, the liquid electrolyte helps lithium ions to conduct in the battery by dissolving polysulfides. However, disadvantageously, this dissolution process will cause the battery to be damaged prematurely.
The ORNL research team's new design method now clears these obstacles. First, they synthesized a new sulfur-rich material and used it as the cathode of the battery. It can conduct lithium ions and the metal lithium sulfide used in the cathode of traditional batteries. Then, it is made of lithium. Anodes and solid electrolytes (also developed by ORNL researchers) combine to create this all-solid-state battery with high energy density.
Liang Cheng-Duo said: “The change of electrolyte from liquid to solid eliminates the problem of sulfur dissolution. Moreover, since the liquid electrolyte easily reacts with lithium metal, the safety of the new battery is higher after using the solid electrolyte. The sulfur used in the new lithium-sulfur battery is a by-product of the remaining oil, which is rich in resources and low in cost. It can also store more energy, which makes the new battery low-cost, high-energy density and other advantages."
Test results show that the new battery at 60 degrees Celsius, after 300 charge and discharge cycles, the capacitance can be maintained at 1200 mAh / gram, while the traditional lithium-ion battery's average capacitance is 140 to 170 mAh / gram. Liang Chengdu said that because lithium-sulfur batteries carry half the voltage of lithium-ion batteries and their average capacitance is 8 times, the new battery's energy density is about 4 times that of traditional lithium-ion batteries.
Although the new battery is still in the demonstration stage, the researchers hope to push this research from the laboratory to commercial applications as soon as possible, and they are applying for a patent for this technology. (Reporter Liu Xia)
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