The researchers had an unexpected gain in the process of improving the strength of the metal. They used a pulsed laser beam to illuminate the graphite layer to prepare nanodiamond films and achieved photolithographic ablation. This technology has broad application potential in the field of biosensors and even computer chips. The above picture depicts the working principle of a new technology that uses a pulsed laser beam to synthesize graphite into a nanodiamond film and photolithography on graphite. This technology is expected to be used in the field of sensors and computer chips. (Source: Purdue University, Gary Cheng)

The researchers had an unexpected gain in the process of improving the strength of the metal. They used a pulsed laser beam to illuminate the graphite layer to prepare nanodiamond films and achieved photolithographic ablation. This technology has great application potential in the field of biosensors and even computer chips.

“In the past, we needed high temperature and high pressure to prepare synthetic diamonds. The biggest advantage of the new technology is that it can selectively deposit nanodiamond particles on rigid surfaces without harsh environmental conditions.” Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, USA Gary Cheng said, “Because we did this experiment at room temperature, it reduced the cost of preparing diamonds. In addition, we can also “write” the designed pattern directly on the nano-diamond film.”

This diamond thin film lithography technology is selective and is expected to be used in biosensors, quantum computing, fuel cells and next-generation computer chips.

This technology utilizes a multilayer film structure that includes a graphite layer covered by a glass cover. When an ultraviolet pulsed laser is applied to the material, the graphite layer is instantly ionized to form a plasma and a downward pressure is generated. Thereafter, the graphite plasma rapidly solidifies into diamond. The uppermost glass cover limits the escape of the plasma, causing it to form a nanodiamond film.

According to Cheng, “These are made up of ultra-small diamond particles and high-strength coatings, so they can be applied to high-temperature sensors.”

The research was published in Nature's online journal Scientific Reports. The authors include former Purdue University PhD students Yuefeng Wang, Yingling Yang, Ji Li and Martin Y. Zhang, postdoctoral research assistant Jiayi Shao, doctoral students Qiong Nian and Liang Tang, and Gary Cheng.

The discovery stems from an experiment conducted by researchers who were studying how to use graphite thin layers and nanosecond-pulsing lasers to increase metal strength. A doctoral student accidentally discovered that lasers can make graphite disappear or appear translucent.

"The black graphite layer is gone, but where is it going?" Cheng said.

Subsequent research has shown that graphite becomes diamond. Researchers at Purdue University named the process confined pulse laser deposition (CPLD).

To confirm that the structure is indeed diamond, the team used a range of techniques including transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and resistance measurement techniques.

Cheng said the technology has applied for US patents through Purdue University's Technology Transformation Department. Commercialization of the study will require more follow-up research. (Translation: Tanazhao Review: Wang Yiyi)

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