Nitro Varnish
Nitro varnish is a transparent lacquer made from nitrocellulose, alkyd resins, plasticizers, and organic solvents. It is a fast-drying, glossy paint that offers a soft sheen finish. This type of varnish is commonly used in woodworking and furniture finishing due to its quick drying time and smooth application.
The product comes in different finishes such as high gloss, semi-matte, and matte, allowing users to choose based on their preference. However, nitro varnish has some drawbacks. It can become cloudy or white in high humidity conditions, and it may lack fullness and hardness compared to other types of coatings.
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1. Hand-swept Paint: This is a non-transparent nitro varnish made from nitrocellulose, synthetic resins, pigments, and organic solvents. It's designed for manual application and dries quickly, making it ideal for small-scale projects.
2. Key Additives for Nitrocellulose Lacquer
Tianna Water: A clear liquid with a banana-like smell, composed of esters, alcohols, benzene, and ketones. It helps adjust the consistency of the lacquer and acts as a curing agent.
White Water (also known as anti-whitening agent): Also called ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, this additive prevents the paint film from whitening in humid conditions. Adding 10–15% of this solution can help avoid clouding during wet weather.
Polyester Paint
Polyester paint is a thick, high-build lacquer based on polyester resin. It provides a full, thick film with excellent coverage. There is also a varnish version known as polyester varnish.
When applying polyester paint, a curing agent is required, typically making up one-third of the total paint volume. These hardeners are mainly composed of TDI (Toluene Diisocyanate), which can cause yellowing over time. This yellowing not only affects the painted surface but can also discolor nearby walls. Although yellowing-resistant versions are now available, they cannot completely prevent discoloration. Moreover, excessive free TDI can be harmful to human health, causing skin irritation, respiratory issues, and allergic reactions. International safety standards limit free TDI levels to below 0.5%.
Polyurethane Paint
Polyurethane paint is a high-performance coating known for its strong film formation, lustrous finish, and excellent adhesion. It is resistant to water, abrasion, and corrosion, making it ideal for high-quality wood furniture and even metal surfaces. However, it can suffer from blistering and chalking over time. Like polyester paint, polyurethane can also yellow with age. The varnish version of this paint is called polyurethane varnish.
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