With the rapid development of wearable electronics, flexible thin-film batteries have become a key area of research for scientists. Recent advancements in organic semiconductor thin-film transistors have shown promise, but their limited stability has hindered real-world applications. According to a recent report from the Physicist Organization Network, a study published in *Applied Physics Letters* introduced a new battery design: the zinc-manganese dioxide battery.
Many current studies focus on improving the performance of organic thin-film transistors, but despite these efforts, such devices still suffer from poor flexibility, long chemical bonds, and thick dielectric layers, making them unsuitable for practical use. As a result, alkaline batteries like zinc-manganese dioxide have gained more attention due to their better stability and lower cost.
A major driver behind the development of thin-film printed batteries is their compatibility with existing manufacturing lines used for flexible electronic components. This allows for higher integration and reduced production costs. Compared to lithium-ion batteries, alkaline batteries are more eco-friendly, don’t require sealing, and are cheaper to produce. Using stencil printing on a fiber substrate, these batteries can be flexed and integrated into flexo-printed circuits, meeting the necessary performance requirements.
In the latest study, researchers developed a novel manufacturing process that connected 10 battery units in series, achieving a peak voltage of 14 volts and a capacity of 0.8 milliampere hours. The battery uses commercially available polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl cellulose films as raw materials, with a 100 μm thick film acting as a separator between the zinc and manganese dioxide electrodes. A hydrophobic fluoropolymer solution (Teflon AF) was printed between the electrodes to prevent electrolyte migration and unwanted contact between adjacent cells. Silver-containing ink was used to connect the different cells.
To test the battery’s performance, the researchers used a 100 kΩ resistor. The 0.8 mAh battery discharged over 7.5 hours, with the voltage dropping from 14 volts to 10 volts. To simulate real-world conditions, they also tested the battery in a circuit containing five inverters connected in sequence. The output was sensitive to the supply voltage and circuit delay. The results showed that the voltage waveform remained around 13 volts when measured every 10 milliseconds. After 20 minutes, no significant changes were observed, indicating the battery's stable power delivery.
The researchers noted that more complex circuits might require more energy, but this zinc-manganese dioxide battery offers an alternative to existing printed batteries. This innovation could pave the way for more efficient and sustainable power solutions in flexible electronics.
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