China is currently facing serious food security challenges, especially when one takes the time to understand the process of growing grain in rural areas. Many farmers lack proper knowledge about the correct use of **pesticides** and fertilizers. They often believe that more pesticides will lead to better results, but this only increases pesticide residues in crops, posing a risk to both human health and the environment.
In a single acre of farmland, farmers typically apply 100 kg of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer during planting, and an additional 50 to 60 kg of urea during the seedling stage. This is also true for wheat cultivation. These figures don’t even include the extra fertilizers used during seedling development and transplanting. This is the typical amount of fertilizer used annually. If they reduce it, crop yields will drop significantly.
According to the **China Pesticide Network**, many farmers are trapped in a destructive cycle: declining grain production leads to increased use of chemical fertilizers, which in turn causes soil compaction, frequent pest outbreaks, and the need for more pesticides. The overuse of fertilizers has led to soil degradation, higher incidence of pests and diseases, and lower food quality and output, all of which harm the rural ecosystem.
The main source of pollution in rural areas comes from the misuse of fertilizers and pesticides. For example, in the past, people could catch over ten kilograms of locusts each night in the fields, but now it's hard to catch even a dozen. I remember when I was a child, every household used farmyard manure, and there were very few pests. At that time, crops were basically grown without chemicals, producing real "green" food. Now, if a farmer uses organic fertilizer, others laugh at them. Pests have become stronger, and it's difficult to kill them without large doses of chemicals. The resulting food can't guarantee quality, let alone be considered green.
Farmers are focused on profit. The income from farming is much less than what they can earn working elsewhere. As a result, fewer people are willing to spend time using organic fertilizers or traditional methods. Many abandon their land, especially after just one season of rice, leaving other crops like rapeseed or wheat unplanted.
Food security isn't just about production levels. Issues such as declining food quality, soil compaction, and reduced fertility are equally critical. In China, these problems are becoming increasingly severe. Experts suggest that the government should first adjust subsidy policies, such as offering more support to farmers who grow eco-friendly grains. Additionally, policy and financial support should be given to companies and researchers developing **biopesticides**. Finally, farmers need better guidance on proper fertilizer use to improve overall food security in the country.
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