In order to maximize the effectiveness of biochemical pesticides, it's essential to understand the characteristics and application methods of various microbial sources. The pesticide network Xiaobian has compiled a detailed overview of the most commonly used microbial-based biopesticides:
1. **Avermectin**: Available in several formulations such as 0.2%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.8%, 2% emulsifiable concentrate, and 0.1%, 0.5% wettable powder. For example, using 1.8% emulsifiable concentrate, you can prepare 20–25 ml per acre for controlling pests like red spider mites, aphids, cabbage caterpillars, and diamondback moths. When applying, avoid inhalation and skin contact, and take care not to contaminate water sources or ponds.
2. **Liuyangmycin**: This is commonly available as a 10% emulsifiable concentrate and is typically diluted between 1,000 to 2,000 times before spraying. It is effective against Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Homoptera, Liriomyza, and other spider mite species. It provides good contact killing and also has some inhibitory effects on egg-laying. It is low in toxicity to humans and animals, safe for plants, and does not harm natural enemies.
3. **Antibiotics (Agricultural Anti-120)**: Available in 2% and 4% aqueous solutions. A typical application involves 300–500 ml per acre, applied every 15–20 days through foliar spray to prevent powdery mildew. Always avoid mixing with alkaline pesticides and store in a dry, cool place.
4. **Jinggangmycin**: Available in 3%, 5%, 20% wettable powder, and 3%, 5%, 10%, 20% aqueous agents. For instance, using a 5% aqueous agent, apply 100–130 ml per acre via foliar spray to control sheath blight and similar diseases.
5. **Streptomycin**: Comes in 10%, 24%, 68%, and 72% wettable powder formulations. For example, 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate wettable powder can be used at 15–20 g per acre, applied via foliar spray to manage soft rot.
6. **Mushroom Proteoglycan**: Available as a 0.5% aqueous solution (Viral Ning). Use 165–200 ml per acre by spraying directly onto plants to prevent viral diseases.
7. **Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride**: Typically comes in an 88% wettable powder formulation. Apply 35–50 g per acre via foliar spray to control soft rot on leafy crops.
8. **Wuyincin**: Available as a 1% aqueous agent. Recommended by China’s Pesticide Network, use 500–750 ml per acre for foliar application to effectively control powdery mildew.
By understanding these microbial-based biopesticides, farmers can make more informed decisions about pest management, ensuring both environmental safety and crop health. Always follow the manufacturer's instructions and take necessary precautions when handling any pesticide product.
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