In the field of agriculture, biological and natural pesticides are increasingly being used to control pests and diseases in a safer and more sustainable way. Here is an overview of several types of pesticides, including microbial, plant-derived, animal-based, and inorganic options.
**Microbial Pesticides:**
One example is Agricultural Antibiotic 120, which is a metabolite of actinomycetes and acts as a microbicide. It can be diluted at 600-800 times for spraying on fruit trees to manage powdery mildew, rust, and anthracnose. A 200-fold solution can help treat local rot. Nongkang 120 contains over ten amino acids that enhance plant resistance after application. Polymycin, available as a 10% wettable powder, is used at a 1000-fold dilution to control apple spotted leaf disease. Applying it three times from bud stage to 10 days after flowering helps prevent apple mildew. S-921, when applied at 20-30 times dilution after scraping diseased areas, prevents apple tree rot. Similarly, Antibacterial Agent 402, when mixed at 40-50 times, treats apple ring disease.
Beauveria bassiana is a fungus used against peach heartworms. Mixing 2 kg of the fungus with 0.15 kg of 25% parathion microcapsules and 150 kg of water, then applying it to the tree base and covering with grass, effectively controls larvae. Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) is a bacterial insecticide used at a 500-fold dilution to target leaf-eating caterpillars and heartworms. Adding 0.1% washing powder improves its effectiveness. Avermectin, produced through microbial fermentation, is effective against spider mites, especially two-spotted mites, at a 4000-fold dilution of 1.0% emulsifiable concentrate.
**Plant-Derived Pesticides:**
Tobacco extracts are made by soaking stems or leaves in water for two days, boiling, and adding lime or washing powder to spray against aphids and thrips. Green Baowei, a 0.5% emulsifiable concentrate, is used at 1000-2000 times to control leaf-eaters. Bitter vine extract is also effective against leaf caterpillars. Capsicum water, made by boiling chili noodles in water, is used to control aphids. Grass ash soaked in water for 24 hours serves as a natural pesticide for aphids. Castor leaves, when mashed and diluted, kill mites. Skunk root and seeds contain bitter compounds that can be used to repel underground pests. Purslane, when boiled and mixed with camphor, is effective against soft pests. Garlic, onions, and green onions, when blended and diluted, control aphids, red spiders, and snails. Tomato, bitter melon, and cucumber mixtures are effective against cabbage caterpillars and other pests. Garlic-based sprays are also known to control aphids and mites.
**Animal-Based and Specific Pesticides:**
Diflubenzuron No. 3, a 25% suspending agent, is used at 2000-3000 times to control caterpillars. Mothium spirit, a combination of chlorpyrifos and broom, is effective against various pests. Dinglong, a 5% emulsifiable concentrate, targets heartworms. Buprofezin, a 25% wettable powder, controls scale insects and mites. Card death grams, a 5% emulsifiable concentrate, is effective against red spiders and leaf rollers. Anti-River, a 50% wettable powder, is used to control aphids. Detergent, a 50% wettable powder, is also used to manage aphids, mites, and thrips.
**Inorganic or Mineral Pesticides:**
Stone sulfur mixture, an ancient remedy, has bactericidal, insecticidal, and acaricidal properties. It is sprayed at 3-5°Be during dormancy and 0.1-0.5°Be during the growing season. Sulfur suspension, diluted at 150-200 times, controls powdery mildew and mites. Bordeaux mixture is widely used to control crop diseases and repel pests. Solibal, similar to stone sulfur, is used at 100-200 times. Green milk copper, a copper-based preparation, functions similarly to Bordeaux mixture. Diesel emulsion, made from diesel oil, soap, and water, is used at 10 times dilution to kill overwintering scale insects.
These natural and biological alternatives provide farmers with effective, environmentally friendly options to manage pests and diseases while reducing chemical dependency. As awareness grows, the use of such methods continues to expand across agricultural practices worldwide.
Electromagnetic Flowmeter,Ultra Mag Flow Meter,Mag Flowmeter,Insertion Mag Flow Meter
Jiangsu Baichuang Instrument Group Co.,Ltd , https://www.subcip.com