In the field of agricultural pest control, there are various types of pesticides that can be used to manage different pests and diseases. Here's a detailed overview of some commonly used biological, plant-based, animal-derived, and inorganic pesticides.
**1. Biological Pesticides:**
- **Agricultural Antibiotic 120 (Microbial Pesticide):** This is a metabolite from actinomycetes, used as a microbicide. When diluted at 600–800 times, it effectively controls powdery mildew, rust, and anthracnose on apple and pear trees. A 200-times dilution can treat local rot disease. Nongkang 120 contains over 10 amino acids, which help strengthen plant resistance after application.
- **Polymycin:** Used at a 1000-times dilution of 10% wettable powder to control apple spotted leaf disease. It should be sprayed during bud development and up to 10 days after flowering, with three applications for optimal results.
- **Antibiotic S-921:** Apply a 20–30 times solution after scraping diseased areas to prevent apple tree rot.
- **Antibacterial Agent 402:** After scraping, apply an 80% emulsifiable concentrate diluted 40–50 times to treat apple ring disease.
- **Beauveria bassiana:** Mix 2 kg of the product or 0.2 g of high spore powder with 0.15 kg of 25% parathion microcapsules and 150 kg of water. Spray on the tree base and cover with grass to eliminate peach heartworm larvae.
- **Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis):** A bacterial insecticide that controls leaf-eating caterpillars and heartworms when applied at a 500-times dilution. Adding 0.1% washing powder enhances its effectiveness.
- **Avermectin (Qibumycin, Insect Light):** An antibiotic produced through microbial fermentation. Use 1.0% emulsifiable concentrate diluted 4000 times to control spider mites, especially two-spotted spider mites.
**2. Plant-Derived Pesticides:**
- **Tobacco:** Soak 0.5 kg of tobacco stems or leaves in 2.5 kg of water for 2 days, then boil for 1 hour. Add 0.5 kg of lime or 200 g of washing powder and spray to control aphids, thrips, and whiteflies.
- **Green Baowei:** Use a 0.5% emulsifiable concentrate diluted 1000–2000 times to control leaf-eating caterpillars.
- **Bitter Vine:** Effective against leaf caterpillars when using the extract.
- **Capsicum Water:** Boil 50g of chili noodles in 1kg of water for 10 minutes, cool, filter, and spray to control aphids.
- **Grass Ash:** Soak 1 part ash in 5 parts water for 24 hours, filter, and spray to manage aphid infestations.
- **Castor:** Mash ramie leaves, squeeze out the juice, remove the residue, and spray with equal parts water to kill mites.
- **Skunk:** Its roots, stems, and leaves contain bitter lignin. The oil-extracted seeds can be spread in orchards to control underground pests like cockroaches and grubs. Leaves and fruits soaked in 2 times water for 2 days can also be sprayed to manage soft-bodied pests.
- **Purslane:** Boil 0.5 kg of purslane in 1 kg of water for 30 minutes, filter, add 150g of camphor, and mix with 2.5 kg of water to kill soft pests on fruit trees.
- **Green Onions, Onions, Garlic:** Crush 30g of each, mix with 10 kg of water, let sit overnight, and spray the filtrate to control aphids, red spiders, and beetles. Repeated use can also help control snails.
- **Tomato Leaf, Bitter Melon Leaf, Cucumber Stem:** Mix all three, soak in 2–3 times water for 5–6 hours, and spray the supernatant to control cabbage caterpillars, flea beetles, aphids, ground tigers, and spider mites.
- **Tomato Leaves:** Mash tomato leaves with a little water, remove the residue, mix 3 parts raw juice with 2 parts water, add a small amount of fertilizer, and spray to prevent red spider mites.
- **Garlic:** Crush 1000g of garlic, mix with water to form a paste, add 5 kg of water per kilogram of raw liquid, and spray to control aphids, red mites, and other pests.
**3. Animal-Derived and Specific Pesticides:**
- **Diflubenzuron No. 3:** Spray a 25% suspending agent at 2000–3000 times dilution to prevent leaf-feeding caterpillars. Use 1000–2000 times for golden moth control and 800 times for heartworms.
- **Mothium Spirit:** A combination of chlorpyrifos and broom. It controls jujube pests and red spiders.
- **Dinglong (Taibao):** Spray a 5% emulsifiable concentrate at 1000–2000 times to control heartworms.
- **Buprofezin (Uleide, Progesterone):** Apply a 25% wettable powder at 1500–2000 times, and repeat after 15 days to control scale insects, spider mites, and planthoppers.
- **Card Death Grams:** Spray a 5% emulsifiable concentrate at 1000–1500 times before flowering and 500–1000 times in summer to control apple red spider mites. Also effective against leaf roller moths and heartworms.
- **Anti-River:** Use a 50% wettable powder at 2000–3000 times to control aphids.
- **Detergent:** Apply a 50% wettable powder at 1000–1500 times to control aphids, mites, and thrips.
**4. Inorganic or Mineral Pesticides:**
- **Stone Sulphur Mixture:** An ancient remedy with bactericidal, insecticidal, and acaricidal properties. Sprayed at 3–5°Be during dormancy and 0.1–0.5°Be during the growing season.
- **Sulfur Suspension:** A 50% suspension agent diluted 150–200 times to prevent powdery mildew and control mites.
- **Bordeaux Mixture:** Controls diseases on fruit trees and vegetables, and repels many pests. Often used late in the growth stage of apple and pear trees.
- **Solibal:** A 70% polysulfide-soluble powder similar to stone sulfur. Dilute twice—first with 5 times water, then to 100–200 times.
- **Green Milk Copper:** A copper-based preparation with broad-spectrum disease control, similar to Bordeaux mixture.
- **Diesel Emulsion:** Made from diesel oil, neutral soap, and water in a 10:1:10 ratio. Sprayed at 10 times dilution to kill overwintering scale insects.
This comprehensive list of natural and synthetic pesticides provides farmers with multiple options for sustainable and effective pest management. Always follow safety guidelines and local regulations when applying any pesticide.
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