The application of boron fertilizer is the most effective measure to prevent rapeseed atrophy. According to the nature of boron fertilizer, soil and cultivation conditions, and the nutritional characteristics of rapeseed bovine, rational application of boron fertilizer.
(1) Mastering the type and nature of boron fertilizer Boron fertilizer is a kind of micro-efficient fertilizer. Compared with hydrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, the demand for rapeseed is relatively small, and the difference between the appropriate amount and the excess is very small, and the excess often produces poison. At present, the most commonly used boron fertilizer in domestic rapeseed production is boron (sodium salt of boron), which is low in price and convenient to use. The boron content is 11%, and the active ingredient is less than boric acid, but the effect is the same. In addition, there are boron-containing compound fertilizers, such as phosphorus and boron fertilizers, or nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and boron compound fertilizers. Since these elements are essential elements for the growth and development of rapeseed, the yield increase effect on rapeseed is remarkable.
(2) Boron fertilizer as base fertilizer directly applied to the soil Before the rapeseed is sown or transplanted, 0.5-1 kg of boric acid per mu and other fertilizers are used in combination with the base fertilizer, which is beneficial to meet the needs of boron in the whole growth period of rapeseed, and has long fertilizer effect. And saving labor, in the case of severe boron-deficient soil, the yield increase effect is particularly significant. Since boron inhibits seed germination and root growth, direct contact between boron fertilizer and seeds should be avoided. Rapeseed is prone to boron deficiency and can be poisoned by excessive boron. Therefore, excessive application of boron will reduce the emergence rate, cause dead seedlings, slow growth after emergence, and decrease of pods in the late stage, and the yield will decrease.
(3) spraying boron fertilizer on the foliage of the fertilized fertilizer has a good effect on controlling flowers and not being real. The spraying concentration (according to the weight of the boron fertilizer) is 0.1%-0.3%, that is, the boron-containing aqueous solution is prepared by using borax 0.1-0.3 kg of water and 100 kg of water, and the foliage is uniformly sprayed. Spraying boron should be done in the evening or in the morning. Because the relative temperature is large at this time, the opening of the pores is beneficial to the absorption of rapeseed into the body. It should not be sprayed during dry and high winds. Spraying should be re-sprayed within 36 hours after spraying. The most important growth of boron in winter rapeseed is seedling stage and bud stage, and the effect of spraying boron fertilizer during flowering and pod development is poor. This is because the spraying of boron at the seedling stage can promote the growth of roots, which is conducive to the normal development of flower bud differentiation. The spraying of boron in the bud stage promotes the extension of the stolons, so that the leaves do not turn from green to red due to boron deficiency, which weakens photosynthesis, especially ensuring The reproductive organs such as flower buds develop normally to avoid flowering and unreality. Therefore, boron is sprayed once in the seedling stage and the bud stage, and the yield increase effect is remarkable. In addition, 1-3 days before the transplanting of rapeseed, spraying boron in the seedbed is beneficial to the rooting of the roots after transplanting, and economical labor. Although foliar spray has a significant yield-increasing effect, in areas with severe boron deficiency or soil, such as less spraying times, boron is often unable to ensure the requirement of boron in rape in time, so the spraying effect is lower than that of basic boron fertilizer. .
(4) Other boron application methods: 10-15 g of boric acid or 200 g of borax per hectare or soaking with boron-containing water for 12 hours, which has the effect of increasing the yield of rapeseed. However, due to the inhibitory effect of boron on seed germination, it is prudent to use seed dressing with boron fertilizer, which should not be used under normal circumstances. In addition, when transplanting rapeseed, the rooting with 0.1% boron-containing aqueous solution has a certain yield increasing effect. The above two methods have the characteristics of strict technical requirements, inconvenient operation, and labor-intensive, so they are rarely used in production.
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