First, the choice of base
The selected organic tea base must meet the ecological environmental quality standards for the production of organic foods. That is, they should choose fresh air, pure water quality, uncontaminated soil, fertile soil, excellent tea varieties, and lush surrounding forests. In mountainous areas, try to avoid the industrial areas and traffic routes of bustling cities.
1. Atmospheric requirements
There must be no atmospheric pollution sources around the base, especially if there is no source of pollution on the tuyere at the tea garden, and the emission of harmful gases should reach the national first-class standard for atmospheric environment. The coal-fired boilers used in production and life must be equipped with dust-removing and sulfur-proof equipment, which conforms to the atmospheric environmental quality standards of organic foods.
2, water requirements
Surface water, groundwater, and water quality are clean and pollution-free. There is no pollution source in the upstream of the base, and production and domestic water meet the water quality standards for organic food.
3, soil requirements
The soil elements in the base are located in the background normal area, there is no metal or non-metallic mines or pesticides around the pollution, soil fertility is high, in line with the organic food soil standards.
4. Requirements of tea varieties
The main reason is that the plants are resistant to stress (resistance to pests and diseases, cold and drought, etc.), and they have a strong growth potential. At the same time, they require the selection of pure, germinating tea plants as the base. If planning a new species of tea plantation, it should also consider the use of clones of good varieties, and a reasonable mix of early, middle and late varieties. Seedlings can be used: Shangmeizhou, Dabanbai, Yicha No.1, Ningzhou No.2, Jiuqu 783, Wuniuzao, Pingyang Special Early, Zhejiangnong 113, Fuding Dahao, Baihaozao, etc., all have good Economic traits, suitable for planting and promotion.
Second, the base of environmental protection and construction
1. Protection and Creation of Shelterbelts
The original forest around the base, especially the forest on the top of the outlet, must be strictly protected, making it a protective forest belt for the base. If the original forest around the base is scarce, especially in the upwind, we must create shelterbelts that are conducive to the growth of good tea species. The forest belt and the tea line need to be separated by more than 2 meters and the isolation trench should be opened in the middle. Tree species require fast growth and strong wind resistance, such as Chinese fir, masson pine, paulownia, buckwheat, and acacia.
2. Street trees and shade trees
For the original trees in the tea garden, as long as they have no adverse effects on the growth of the tea tree, they should be preserved and nursed to make it a street tree and a shade tree in the tea garden. If the original trees in the tea plantation are scarce, it is necessary to replant the street trees and shading trees appropriately, but it is not appropriate to plant too densely. It is better to choose economic forests or ornamental trees that have deep roots and low winter leaves and have no joint pests and diseases with tea plants.
3, ladder wall care
The weeds on the terraced tea garden terraces should be cut to substitute for the weeds, or be planted with green manure or slope protection plants on the ladder walls, such as climbing orchids, thornless mimosa, soybeans, golden coneflower, and three-leaf pig kidney beans.
4, grow green manure, fertilize the soil
Young green tea plants and green tea plants should be planted with green manure crops to facilitate tea growth and soil improvement. For 1-2 year old tea gardens, choose dwarf, pod or semi-mandarin green manure, such as groundnut and green mung bean. For 3-year-old tea gardens, green manures with shallow roots, short plant types, and fast growth rates can be used, such as black kidney beans, black soybeans, and small mung beans. The 4-year-old tea garden uses umbrella-shaped, high-grade green manures, such as green fodder and pigeonpeas. For the newly renovated tea plantations, short-term, early-maturing dwarf green manures, such as black kidney beans, should be selected.
5, tea garden grass
Grass-laying materials are adapted to local conditions. Straw, wheat straw, bean stalks, green manure, wild weeds, drying yard waste, fallen leaves, sawdust, and tea branches are all available. It is better to lay the grass thickness without revealing the ground, about 10 centimeters, and the average amount of grass per acre is 1000-1500 kilograms. If grass is used for drought resistance and water conservation, it is suitable from May to June. After the drought, it will be buried as fertilizer in September-October. It will be used for cold and frost protection and it can be carried out in October-November, and will be buried in the following autumn. When fertilizers.