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Figure 1. Graphical representation of the synthesis of HZM core-shell nanostructures on carbon cloth, and distribution of the three elements Mn, Zn, and O obtained by scanning transmission electron microscopy.
For supercapacitors, manganese dioxide (MnO2) has good electrochemical properties and abundant natural reserves, but its poor conductivity has limited its application prospects. After hydrogenation, the electrochemical and electrical properties of ZnO nanowires have been greatly improved. Inspired by this experimental phenomenon, researchers at Jinan University and Beijing Institute of Nano-Energy and Systems have designed and fabricated carbon cloths. The hydrogenated single crystal ZnO@amorphous ZnO doped MnO2 core-shell nanofiber cable (HZM), as the electrode of the supercapacitor, has excellent performance: the area specific capacitance is 138.7 mF/cm2; and the mass specific capacitance is 1260.9 F/ g.
The highly flexible all-solid-state supercapacitor consists of these new nano-cable (HZM) electrodes and PVA/LiCl electrolyte. This device achieves a total area specific capacitance of up to 26 mF/cm2 and retains 87.5% of the original capacitance after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles. An integrated power pack incorporating a series supercapacitor and a dye-sensitized solar cell can also be used for a stand-alone self-powered system.
This supercapacitor device has many advantages in terms of performance, such as high capacity, long life, high flexibility, and low leakage current. This hydrogenated ZnO core has a larger charge concentration; while the ZnO-doped MnO2 shell has better conductivity, precisely because of these characteristics, this supercapacitor has a higher performance.
The HZM flexible supercapacitors developed by researchers at the Jinan University and Beijing Institute of Nano Energy and Systems will promote the development of basic research and technology for flexible energy storage devices. The possibility of this flexible all-solid-state supercapacitor being used as a switching power supply in an independent self-powered system has also been confirmed, and it is expected to be used more widely in the future. The relevant results of the paper were published in the near future [ACS NANO, 2013, Online].
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